pip basic
# 列出当前包列表
pip list
# 查看包详情
pip show requests
# 指定源安装
pip install -i https://test.pypi.org/simple/ rptree
# 也可以在~/.pip/pip.conf中定义源头
[global]
index-url = https://test.pypi.org/simple/
# 可以从github安装
pip install git+https://github.com/realpython/rptree
# 编辑模式安装，适用于调试自己的包
# 会在site-packages目录建立链接，
# 链接到当前项目到路径
python -m pip install -e .
# 生成requirements.txt
pip freeze > requirements.txt
# 安装依赖环境
pip install -r requirements.txt
# 更新依赖环境
pip install -U -r requirements.txt
# 卸载package
pip uninstall urllib3 -y
# 卸载整个依赖
pip uninstall -r requirements.txt -y
requirements
# requirements.txt
certifi==x.y.z
charset-normalizer==x.y.z
idna==x.y.z
requests>=x.y.z, <3.0
urllib3==x.y.z
隔离生产和开发环境
# requirements_dev.txt
-r requirements.txt
pytest>=x.y.z
python包调试并编译发布
主要分成如下步骤
- 定义pyproject.toml
- 定义setup.cfg
- pyproject.toml示例如下
[build-system]
requires = ['setuptools>=42']
build-backend = 'setuptools.build_meta'
- setup.cfg示例如下
[metadata]
name = carlton_template
version = 0.1.0
author = Carlton
author_email = carlton2tang@gmail.com
description = A simple example to understand the basics of developing your first Python package.
long_description = file: README.md
long_description_content_type = text/markdown
url = https://github.com/2niuhe/python_template_carlton
project_urls =
Bug Tracker = https://github.com/2niuhe/python_template_carlton/issues
repository = https://github.com/2niuhe/python_template_carlton
classifiers =
Programming Language :: Python :: 3
License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Operating System :: OS Independent
[options]
zip_safe = False
include_package_data = True
packages = find:
package_dir =
= src
python_requires = >=3.6
[options.entry_points]
console_scripts =
test-hello = carlton_template.mod:hello
[options.packages.find]
where = src
- 使用pip安装本地包调试
# 编辑模式安装包
pip install -e .
# 调试正常后生成tar包
pip install -U build
python -m build
# 在dist目录下生成了tar.gz包和whl包
# tar.gz是源码包
# whl是编译的包
# 试着本地安装whl包或者源码包，都可以正常安装使用
pip install python_template-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl
- 上传到testpypi
先到testpypi网站注册并申请api token
pip install --upgrade twine
python -m twine upload --repository testpypi dist/*
- 从testpypi安装
pip install --index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ --no-deps <package_name>
测试无问题后可以同样的方式发布到正式的pypi仓库中
参考
Using Python’s pip to Manage Your Projects’ Dependencies – Real Python
How to Create and Upload Your First Python Package to PyPI
How to Publish an Open-Source Python Package to PyPI – Real Python
Command Line Scripts — Python Packaging Tutorial
3. Writing the Setup Configuration File — Python 3.11.8 documentation